# 动词词组

# 6 分

• solve the problem 解决问题
• play a role in sth 在某事上起作用
• be responsible for sth 对某事承担责任
• pay attention to sth 关注、重视某事
• make contributions to sth 为某事作出贡献
• make an effort to do sth 努力去做某事
• have an effect /influence/impact on sth 对某事产生影响
• spend time /money (in) doing sth 花时间 / 金钱在做某事上
• benefit from sth 从某事中受益
• take steps to do sth 采取措施做某事

# 7 分

• improve people's living standard 提升人们的生活水平
• adapt to 适应
• provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物
• rely on 依赖，依靠
• relieve stress /burden 减轻压力
• distinguish between A and B 区分 A 和 B
• be involved in 参与
• be addicted to sth 上瘾，沉迷于
• stem from 起源于
• raise the public's awareness of 提高公众的... 意识
• boost economic development 促进经济发展
• keep pace with 并驾齐驱，跟上
• enable sb to do sth 使某人能做某事
• invest in 投资于
• make the most of 充分利用
• reach the balance between A and B 在 A 和 B 之间达到平衡
• be filled with 充满了
• suffer from 遭受
• give priority to sth 把某事放在优先位置
• enact laws 颁布法令

# 教育

教育五大目的：

• Moral: Improve moral standard
• Intellectual: Theoretical knowledge, independent and critical thinking, analysing skills and problem-solving ability, communication and social skills, adapt to new environment
• Physical: Develop physical fitness, healthy lifestyle
• Psychological: Self-cultivation, an appreciation of art and literature
• Work: Practical skills, improve career prospects

# 环境

常见环境问题：

• Climate change, global warming
• Air pollution, increase of rubbish / garbage
• Energy crisis, water shortage, deforestation
• Natural disasters, acid rain, sand storms, drought, flood

根本原因：

• Population growth, industrial development, long-term human activities

解决方法：

• Global cooperation, reach the agreement, set international standards for environmental protection
• Make laws, encourage low carbon economy
• Exploit renewable, green energy, invest in energy-saving technologies
• Promote environmental-friendly products, lead green consuming habits
• Raise public's green awareness, encourage low carbon lifestyle

# 科技

正面影响：

• Improve work efficiency
• Convenience, with the click of a mouse, cost-effective
• Promote and facilitate communication
• Obtain information in various ways, enrich one's knowledge

负面影响：

• Invade one's privacy
• Less quality family time, increasing work pressure
• Security issue, cyber crimes
• Questionable contents, pornography, violence
• Physical problem, radiation, weaken eyesight, less outdoor exercise
• Psychological problem, indulge in virtual world, become solitary, be isolated from the real world, weaken the relationships with family members and friends

# 政府

• Every government's basic obligation: ensure national security, stabilise the society, enhance social welfare system, perfect the public facilities
• Be able to pool and dominate various resources
• Give top priority to investments on education, technology and basic human needs, then invest in entertainment facilities to increase emotional wellbeing and enrich one's cultural life

# 社会

# 老人

• Rich experience in both work and life, good consultants
• Coaches, doctors, look after grandchildren
• Do some volunteer work
• Medical care and pension pose a financial burden for government
• Labor shortage, economy hole

# 儿童

• Curiosity, imitate, quick to learn
• Lack of self-control, unable to distinguish right from wrong
• Vulnerable to negative influences
• Critical time of physical and psychological development
• Provide parental guidance, commit their guardianship

# 妇女

• Gentle / tender / soft manner, less aggressive nature
• More patient, understanding, better communication skills
• Not physically strong
• Role in raising children, take care of the family, housework

# 工作与家庭

• Keen competition makes employees to work overtime
• Spend more time learning new technologies and upgrading knowledge and skills
• Spend more time processing all types of information in this information age. As a result, the quality family time reduces

# 经济发展和城市化

好处：

• More job opportunities, higher income
• Better living conditions and infrastructures

坏处：

• Widen the gap between the rich and the poor
• At the cost of environment

# 媒体

作用：

• Provide all kinds of information, ranging from current affairs to entertainment news
• Disclose social problems, monitor and push the government to deal with them

问题：

• Over-report negative stories to hook viewers and maximise profits
• Mislead the public's view and mood with distorted and false information

# 广告

作用：

• Bridge the gap between consumers and manufacturers
• Evoke impulse buying, boost sales, and promote economic development

问题：

• Add to the cost of the products
• Claim product's advantages only
• Unwelcome information

# 预防犯罪

犯罪原因：

• Poor education, unfortunate family, poverty, character flaw

解决方法：

• Education, job training, employment, enhance welfare system
• Severe punishment

# 文化

# 衣

• Basic human needs were met, inevitable trend
• Self-expression, reflect characters, taste, likes
• Following fashion blindly is a waste of time and money
• Keep up with the joneses, fulfill one's peacockery
• Associate clothing with social status and wealth, become snobbish

# 食

• Be consistent with fast-paced modern lifestyle
• Standardised, strict quality control
• Pose a threat to traditional food culture
• Less nutrient, high calories, junk food

# 住

传统建筑：

• Esthetic value
• Cultural heritage

现代建筑：

• Raise the utilisation rate of land, population growth, consist with the urbanisation trend
• Modern technologies: lift, air conditioning, more comfortable

# 行

• Broaden one's horizon, enrich one's experience and knowledge
• Boost local economy, hotels, restaurants, air industry
• Place a heavy burden on local environment
• Over-dependent on tourist industry, unbalanced economic development

# 艺术娱乐

• Arts vary in different societies, science can be applied to the whole world
• Arts satisfy people's spiritual and emotional needs, and enrich cultural life, science enriches material wealth
• Subjective v.s. objective

# 语言

• A particular language was born from a particular culture
• Understand the speaker's cultural background
• Learn rules of grammar and memorise vocabulary
• Learning culture is a waste of time

# 多元文化

• Inevitable and irreversible trend
• Improve people's living standard
• Enhance communication, appreciation and respect among different cultures
• Immigrants' language barrier, culture shock
• Discrimination, religious conflict, public order issue

# 意识形态与价值观

• Subjective feeling
• People at different life stages with various likes from diverse social backgrounds surely do not have the same definition for happiness