本文整理雅思写作第二部分笔记,内容来自 Shelly。
# 动词词组
# 6 分
- solve the problem 解决问题
- play a role in sth 在某事上起作用
- be responsible for sth 对某事承担责任
- pay attention to sth 关注、重视某事
- make contributions to sth 为某事作出贡献
- make an effort to do sth 努力去做某事
- have an effect /influence/impact on sth 对某事产生影响
- spend time /money (in) doing sth 花时间 / 金钱在做某事上
- benefit from sth 从某事中受益
- take steps to do sth 采取措施做某事
# 7 分
- improve people's living standard 提升人们的生活水平
- adapt to 适应
- provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物
- rely on 依赖,依靠
- relieve stress /burden 减轻压力
- distinguish between A and B 区分 A 和 B
- be involved in 参与
- be addicted to sth 上瘾,沉迷于
- stem from 起源于
- raise the public's awareness of 提高公众的... 意识
- boost economic development 促进经济发展
- keep pace with 并驾齐驱,跟上
- enable sb to do sth 使某人能做某事
- invest in 投资于
- make the most of 充分利用
- reach the balance between A and B 在 A 和 B 之间达到平衡
- be filled with 充满了
- suffer from 遭受
- give priority to sth 把某事放在优先位置
- enact laws 颁布法令
# 教育
教育五大目的:
- Moral: Improve moral standard
- Intellectual: Theoretical knowledge, independent and critical thinking, analysing skills and problem-solving ability, communication and social skills, adapt to new environment
- Physical: Develop physical fitness, healthy lifestyle
- Psychological: Self-cultivation, an appreciation of art and literature
- Work: Practical skills, improve career prospects
# 环境
常见环境问题:
- Climate change, global warming
- Air pollution, increase of rubbish / garbage
- Energy crisis, water shortage, deforestation
- Natural disasters, acid rain, sand storms, drought, flood
根本原因:
- Population growth, industrial development, long-term human activities
解决方法:
- Global cooperation, reach the agreement, set international standards for environmental protection
- Make laws, encourage low carbon economy
- Exploit renewable, green energy, invest in energy-saving technologies
- Promote environmental-friendly products, lead green consuming habits
- Raise public's green awareness, encourage low carbon lifestyle
# 科技
正面影响:
- Improve work efficiency
- Convenience, with the click of a mouse, cost-effective
- Promote and facilitate communication
- Obtain information in various ways, enrich one's knowledge
负面影响:
- Invade one's privacy
- Less quality family time, increasing work pressure
- Security issue, cyber crimes
- Questionable contents, pornography, violence
- Physical problem, radiation, weaken eyesight, less outdoor exercise
- Psychological problem, indulge in virtual world, become solitary, be isolated from the real world, weaken the relationships with family members and friends
# 政府
- Every government's basic obligation: ensure national security, stabilise the society, enhance social welfare system, perfect the public facilities
- Be able to pool and dominate various resources
- Give top priority to investments on education, technology and basic human needs, then invest in entertainment facilities to increase emotional wellbeing and enrich one's cultural life
# 社会
# 老人
- Rich experience in both work and life, good consultants
- Coaches, doctors, look after grandchildren
- Do some volunteer work
- Medical care and pension pose a financial burden for government
- Labor shortage, economy hole
# 儿童
- Curiosity, imitate, quick to learn
- Lack of self-control, unable to distinguish right from wrong
- Vulnerable to negative influences
- Critical time of physical and psychological development
- Provide parental guidance, commit their guardianship
# 妇女
- Gentle / tender / soft manner, less aggressive nature
- More patient, understanding, better communication skills
- Not physically strong
- Role in raising children, take care of the family, housework
# 工作与家庭
- Keen competition makes employees to work overtime
- Spend more time learning new technologies and upgrading knowledge and skills
- Spend more time processing all types of information in this information age. As a result, the quality family time reduces
# 经济发展和城市化
好处:
- More job opportunities, higher income
- Better living conditions and infrastructures
坏处:
- Widen the gap between the rich and the poor
- At the cost of environment
# 媒体
作用:
- Provide all kinds of information, ranging from current affairs to entertainment news
- Disclose social problems, monitor and push the government to deal with them
问题:
- Over-report negative stories to hook viewers and maximise profits
- Mislead the public's view and mood with distorted and false information
# 广告
作用:
- Bridge the gap between consumers and manufacturers
- Evoke impulse buying, boost sales, and promote economic development
问题:
- Add to the cost of the products
- Claim product's advantages only
- Unwelcome information
# 预防犯罪
犯罪原因:
- Poor education, unfortunate family, poverty, character flaw
解决方法:
- Education, job training, employment, enhance welfare system
- Severe punishment
# 文化
# 衣
- Basic human needs were met, inevitable trend
- Self-expression, reflect characters, taste, likes
- Following fashion blindly is a waste of time and money
- Keep up with the joneses, fulfill one's peacockery
- Associate clothing with social status and wealth, become snobbish
# 食
- Be consistent with fast-paced modern lifestyle
- Standardised, strict quality control
- Pose a threat to traditional food culture
- Less nutrient, high calories, junk food
# 住
传统建筑:
- Esthetic value
- Cultural heritage
现代建筑:
- Raise the utilisation rate of land, population growth, consist with the urbanisation trend
- Modern technologies: lift, air conditioning, more comfortable
# 行
- Broaden one's horizon, enrich one's experience and knowledge
- Boost local economy, hotels, restaurants, air industry
- Place a heavy burden on local environment
- Over-dependent on tourist industry, unbalanced economic development
# 艺术娱乐
- Arts vary in different societies, science can be applied to the whole world
- Arts satisfy people's spiritual and emotional needs, and enrich cultural life, science enriches material wealth
- Subjective v.s. objective
# 语言
- A particular language was born from a particular culture
- Understand the speaker's cultural background
- Learn rules of grammar and memorise vocabulary
- Learning culture is a waste of time
# 多元文化
- Inevitable and irreversible trend
- Improve people's living standard
- Enhance communication, appreciation and respect among different cultures
- Immigrants' language barrier, culture shock
- Discrimination, religious conflict, public order issue
# 意识形态与价值观
- Subjective feeling
- People at different life stages with various likes from diverse social backgrounds surely do not have the same definition for happiness